Oral butyrate does not affect innate immunity and islet autoimmunity in individuals with longstanding type 1 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial
The pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes has been linked to altered gut microbiota and more specifically to a shortage of intestinal production of the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate, which may play key roles in maintaining intestinal epithelial integrity and in human and gut microbial metabolism. Butyrate supplementation can protect…
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Donor fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates intestinal graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a beneficial treatment for hematological malignancies. However, HCT can lead to graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), which affects various organs including the gut. Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) from allogeneic donors has successfully treated intestinal disorders such as Clostridium difficile infection and ulcerative colitis. van Lier et al. conducted a single-arm…
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The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Gender-Specific Differences in Immunity
Males and females are known to have gender-specific differences in their immune system and gut microbiota composition. Whether these differences in gut microbiota composition are a cause or consequence of differences in the immune system is not known. To investigate this issue, gut microbiota from conventional males or females was transferred to germ-free (GF) animals of the same or opposing gender.
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The effect of age on the intestinal mucus thickness, microbiota composition and immunity in relation to sex in mice
A mucus layer covers and protects the intestinal epithelial cells from direct contact with microbes. This mucus layer not only prevents inflammation but also plays an essential role in microbiota colonization, indicating the complex interplay between mucus composition-microbiota and intestinal health.
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Gut microbiota and host defense in critical illness
In health, a diverse microbiome might enhance host defense, while during critical illness, the dysbiotic microbiome might contribute to comorbidity and organ dysfunction. Future research should be aimed at further establishing the causes and consequences of dysbiosis seen in the critically ill, which will provide perspective for developing new strategies of intervention.
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High-fat feeding rather than obesity drives taxonomical and functional changes in the gut microbiota in mice.
The changes in the composition of the gut microbiota were predominantly driven by high-fat feeding rather than reflecting the obese state of the mice. Differences in the abundance of butyrate and propionate producing bacteria in the gut may at least in part contribute to the observed differences in obesity propensity in Sv129 and BL6 mice.
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